Teachers' Challenges in Integrating Technology and Pedagogy in Learning

Abstrak

The integration of technology in learning has become an important part of educational transformation. Digital devices, online learning platforms, educational applications, artificial intelligence, and digital learning resources let teachers create learning that is more flexible, interactive, and suited to learners' needs. The use of technology relates not only to the technical ability to use devices but also demands teachers' ability to integrate technology with pedagogy and material. This article aimed to describe the challenges teachers face in integrating technology and pedagogy in learning and to identify the factors that influence the success of that integration. The study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through library research. The data came from twenty scholarly articles addressing technology integration, teacher competence, techno-pedagogical skills, teacher education, professional development, and teachers' experience of using technology at various levels and fields. The analysis proceeded through the identification, grouping, comparison, and interpretation of the findings. The results show that the challenges of integrating technology and pedagogy include limited digital and pedagogical competence, a gap between the mastery of technology and its application in learning, limited infrastructure and resources, a lack of continuous training, varied teacher readiness, the changing role of the teacher, and difficulty in selecting technology suited to learning goals. The school context, learners' characteristics, institutional policy, and leadership support also influence the success of technology integration. The integration of technology in learning therefore needs to be directed toward strengthening teachers' techno-pedagogical competence through professional development that is continuous, collaborative, and contextual.